1.0-Lesson1 October 15, 2009

Part one :    Adjective order                                                                                                                                 

Adjectives are used to describe nouns .they give more   details or information about the nouns they are associated with.

1. Tell me about your boy friend.
2. Well, he is   tall, dark and handsome.
3. Sound like mine.

Adjective come before nouns the modify (Not after)

• Three happy hippies lived in the Heart quake Hotel.

Wrong:   three hippies happy lived in the Heart quake Hotel.

Adjectives can be used with linking verbs to describe of the subject of a sentence .When used in this manner, the adjective come after the linking   verbs .

Example:

- My mother is a tall and slender.

Wrong: My mother is tall and slender.

Seem ,become ,appear and verbs of perception can also be used as linking verbs .

Example s:

-The journey seemed long.(it appeared strenuous and boring)

-You smell nice today  .(what kind of cologne are you wearing )

Caution /be careful:                                                                                             

-TOM looked greedy.(He appeared to be a greedy person )

The adjective greedy is used to describe TOM.

-TOM looked greedily at the pie on the table .(He saw it and wanted it for him self)

The adverb greedily is used to describe TOM’s action.

Adjectives are the same for all nouns .They do not change for plurals.

Example:

-Three tired tiger tried to tie a triangular tie.

Wrong : Three ‘tried’ tigers.

Adjective s can be used to answer the questions ‘what kind of   or which one’

1. Hi I’m calling about the car you’re selling?
2. It’s great car .it’s in excellent   condition .
3. What kind of seat does it have .

The basic types of adjectives:  

Enjoy listening this song                                                                        

1-     Opinion: An opinion adjective explains what you think about something (other people may not agree with you). Examples:
silly, beautiful, horrible, difficult

2-    Size: A size adjective, of course, tells you how big or small something is. Examples:
large, tiny, enormous, little.

3- Age : An age adjective tells you how young or old something or someone is. Examples:
ancient, new, young, old.

4-    Shape :A shape adjective describes the shape of something. Examples:
square, round, flat, rectangular.

5- Color :A color adjective, of course, describes the color of something. Examples:
blue, pink, reddish, grey.  

Origin :An origin adjective describes where something comes from. Examples:
French,lunar, American, eastern,

6-    Purpose :A purpose adjective describes what something is used for. These adjectives often end with “-ing”. Examples:
sleeping (as in “sleeping bag”), roasting (as in “roasting tin”)

. The possessive adjectives:-

Form personal pronoun to possessive adjective

Singular                                        plural

personal pronoun ;          I –You                           She- He- It            You      We     They

possessive pronoun:       My – Your                     Her- His- Its            Your     Our      their

Noun + ‘s also shows possession

How  to use possessive pronouns : 

 

 For example:-Lynne  ‘s  web site.
Mr  Bean’ s  students.

Asking Questions

“Whose …….?” is used to find out whether something belongs to someone.

The answer to the question “Whose …….?” must always have an ’s or use a possessive adjective.

For example:-

Q) “Whose book is this?”

A) “It’s Mr Bean’s book.” or “It’s his book.”

Note

Do not confuse the ….’s of possession with the contraction of verb   …is

Noun +’s =possession or is?

‘s =possessive   Lynn’s name=her name. ‘s=is    My name’s Lynne=My name is Lynne.

Part two: Adjective clause

v Adjective clauses and relative pronouns.

	An adjective clause is used to describe a noun:
The car, which was red, belonged to Young-Hee.
	A relative pronoun is usually used to introduce an adjective clause:
Young-Hee, who is a Korean student, lives in Victoria.
The main relative pronouns are :
	Who: used for humans in subject position::
Hans, who is an architect, lives in Berlin.
	Whom: used for humans in object position::continue
Marike, whom Hans knows well, is an interior decorator.
	Which: used for things and animals in subject or object position::
Marike has a dog which follows her everywhere.
	That: used for humans, animals and things, in subject or object position (but see below)::
Marike is decorating a house that Hans designed.
There are two kinds of adjective clause
	Non-defining clauses: give extra information about the noun, but they are not essential:
The desk in the corner, which is covered in books, is mine.
(We don’t need this information in order to understand the sentence. “The desk in the corner is mine” is a good sentence on its own — we still know which desk is referred to. Note that non-defining clauses are usually separated by commas, and that is not usually used in this kind of context.)

	Defining clauses: give essential information about the noun:
The package that arrived this morning is on the desk. (We need this information in order to understand the sentence. Without the relative clause, we don’t know which package is being referred to. Note that that is often used in defining relative clauses, and they are not separated by commas.) The citation :http://www.eslgold.com                              http://www.usingenglish.com

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